FORMATION OF GRAIN YIELD AT GENOTYPES OF COMMON WINTER WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) UNDER DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
Abstract
The main task of the contemporary breeding programs is obtaining higher grain yield from common winter wheat; for this purpose, the new varieties should possess a number of properties meeting the requirements of the highly competitive market. Yield is a value, which is determined by several main parameters related to the morphological and biological peculiarities of the plant itself. Which are the elements determining productivity - number of productive tillers per m², number of grains per spike and absolute weight. The expression of those indication is not only genetically inherited but it is related to conditions of the environment and the agrotechnic being applied.
The aim of this study was to follow the reaction of contemporary common winter wheat genotypes with regard to yield and its elements under different growing environments.
The investigation was carried out during 2017 – 2018, testing 16 breeding lines and 2 cultivars of common winter wheat during this period. The materials were planted in a randomized manner according to a block deign, the area of the harvest plot being 7.5 m2, in three fertilization variants (50, 60 and 70 kg ammonium nitrate per da), the factor provoking specific response in the individual accessions. The highest yield is achieved in the genotypes in the experiment with the maximum amount of nitrogen in both years of the study. The main influence on the formation of productivity is exerted by the number of grains in a class at the low and high norms, as this tendency is more marked when there is use of 50 kg of ammonium nitrate per da. The yield at the average level of fertilization is determined by the productive plant tillers.Keywords
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